Micron Document
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Neodym</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="float-right infobox wikitable" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:310px; max-width:400px;">

<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; font-size:120%; color:#202122;">Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center;">
<div id="table" style="position:relative;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="margin:auto; background-color:color:var(--color-inverted, #FFFFFF); color:var(--color-base, #000000); text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:separate; border-style:hidden;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 1: Wasserstoff (H), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="30">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Helium" title="Helium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 2: Helium (He), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 3: Lithium (Li), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 4: Beryllium (Be), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bor" title="Bor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 5: Bor (B), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 6: Kohlenstoff (C), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 7: Stickstoff (N), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 8: Sauerstoff (O), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 9: Fluor (F), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 10: Neon (Ne), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 11: Natrium (Na), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 12: Magnesium (Mg), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 13: Aluminium (Al), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Silicium" title="Silicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 14: Silicium (Si), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Phosphor" title="Phosphor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 15: Phosphor (P), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Schwefel" title="Schwefel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 16: Schwefel (S), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Chlor" title="Chlor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 17: Chlor (Cl), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 18: Argon (Ar), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 19: Kalium (K), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 20: Calcium (Ca), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 21: Scandium (Sc), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 22: Titan (Ti), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 23: Vanadium (V), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Chrom" title="Chrom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 24: Chrom (Cr), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 25: Mangan (Mn), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Eisen" title="Eisen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 26: Eisen (Fe), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 27: Cobalt (Co), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 28: Nickel (Ni), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kupfer" title="Kupfer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 29: Kupfer (Cu), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zink" title="Zink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 30: Zink (Zn), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 31: Gallium (Ga), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 32: Germanium (Ge), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 33: Arsen (As), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 34: Selen (Se), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 35: Brom (Br), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 36: Krypton (Kr), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 37: Rubidium (Rb), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 38: Strontium (Sr), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 39: Yttrium (Y), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 40: Zirconium (Zr), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Niob" title="Niob"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 41: Niob (Nb), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 42: Molybdän (Mo), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 43: Technetium (Tc), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 44: Ruthenium (Ru), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 45: Rhodium (Rh), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 46: Palladium (Pd), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Silber" title="Silber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 47: Silber (Ag), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 48: Cadmium (Cd), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Indium" title="Indium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 49: Indium (In), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zinn" title="Zinn"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 50: Zinn (Sn), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 51: Antimon (Sb), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tellur" title="Tellur"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 52: Tellur (Te), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Iod" title="Iod"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 53: Iod (I), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 54: Xenon (Xe), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 55: Caesium (Cs), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Barium" title="Barium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 56: Barium (Ba), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 57: Lanthan (La), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Cer" title="Cer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 58: Cer (Ce), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 59: Praseodym (Pr), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum; border:2px solid #72777D; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 60: Neodym (Nd), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 61: Promethium (Pm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 62: Samarium (Sm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Europium" title="Europium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 63: Europium (Eu), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 64: Gadolinium (Gd), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 65: Terbium (Tb), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 66: Dysprosium (Dy), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 67: Holmium (Ho), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 68: Erbium (Er), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 69: Thulium (Tm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 70: Ytterbium (Yb), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 71: Lutetium (Lu), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 72: Hafnium (Hf), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 73: Tantal (Ta), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 74: Wolfram (W), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 75: Rhenium (Re), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 76: Osmium (Os), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 77: Iridium (Ir), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Platin" title="Platin"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 78: Platin (Pt), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gold" title="Gold"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 79: Gold (Au), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 80: Quecksilber (Hg), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 81: Thallium (Tl), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Blei" title="Blei"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 82: Blei (Pb), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bismut" title="Bismut"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 83: Bismut (Bi), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 84: Polonium (Po), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 85: Astat (At), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 86: Radon (Rn), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Francium" title="Francium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 87: Francium (Fr), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Radium" title="Radium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 88: Radium (Ra), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 89: Actinium (Ac), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 90: Thorium (Th), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 91: Protactinium (Pa), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Uran" title="Uran"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 92: Uran (U), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 93: Neptunium (Np), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 94: Plutonium (Pu), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Americium" title="Americium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 95: Americium (Am), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Curium" title="Curium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 96: Curium (Cm), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 97: Berkelium (Bk), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Californium" title="Californium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 98: Californium (Cf), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 99: Einsteinium (Es), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 100: Fermium (Fm), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 101: Mendelevium (Md), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 102: Nobelium (No), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 103: Lawrencium (Lr), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 104: Rutherfordium (Rf), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 105: Dubnium (Db), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 106: Seaborgium (Sg), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 107: Bohrium (Bh), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 108: Hassium (Hs), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 109: Meitnerium (Mt), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 110: Darmstadtium (Ds), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 111: Roentgenium (Rg), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 112: Copernicium (Cn), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 113: Nihonium (Nh), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 114: Flerovium (Fl), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 115: Moscovium (Mc), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 116: Livermorium (Lv), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tenness" title="Tenness"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 117: Tenness (Ts), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 118: Oganesson (Og), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div id="text0" style="font-size:12px; position:absolute; top:5px; left:50%; margin-left:-125px;line-height:120%;">[<a href="Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4<a href="F-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Orbital">f</a><sup>4</sup> 6<a href="S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup></div>
<div style="position:absolute; top:5px; left:45%; margin-left:20px;line-height:120%;"><span id="text2" style="font-size:10px; vertical-align: sub;">60</span><span id="text3" style="font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;">Nd</span></div>
<div style="font-size:90%; text-align:right;"><a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a></div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Allgemein
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Chemisches_Element#Sortierte_Liste_chemischer_Elemente" title="Chemisches Element">Name</a>, <a href="Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Symbol</a>, <a href="Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">Neodym, Nd, 60
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elementkategorie" title="Elementkategorie">Elementkategorie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Gruppe_des_Periodensystems" title="Gruppe des Periodensystems">Gruppe</a>, <a href="Periode_des_Periodensystems" title="Periode des Periodensystems">Periode</a>, <a href="Block_des_Periodensystems" class="mw-redirect" title="Block des Periodensystems">Block</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">La</a>, <a href="Chemische_Elemente_der_sechsten_Periode" title="Chemische Elemente der sechsten Periode">6</a>, <a href="Periodensystem#Block" title="Periodensystem">f</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Aussehen
</td>
<td>silbrigweiß, gelblicher Farbton
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td>
<p><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7440-00-8">7440-00-8</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td>231-109-3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.281">100.028.281</a>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td>Massenanteil an der <a href="Erdh%C3%BClle" title="Erdhülle">Erdhülle</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">22&nbsp;ppm (33. Rang)<sup id="cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Atomar<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atommasse</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">144,242(3)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Atomare_Masseneinheit" title="Atomare Masseneinheit">u</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Atomradius" title="Atomradius">Atomradius</a> (berechnet)
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">185 (206) <a href="Pikometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometer">pm</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Kovalenter_Radius" title="Kovalenter Radius">Kovalenter Radius</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">201 pm
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Elektronenkonfiguration" title="Elektronenkonfiguration">Elektronenkonfiguration</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4<a href="F-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Orbital">f</a><sup>4</sup> 6<a href="S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1. <a href="Ionisierungsenergie" title="Ionisierungsenergie">Ionisierungsenergie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r198372224">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-1000::after{content:"."}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus>span,.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec>span{position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus::after{content:"−"}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-fractpart{margin-right:0.2em}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>5<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>5250(6) <a href="Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-neodymium_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-neodymium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap">533<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>08 <a href="Joule" title="Joule">kJ</a>/<a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-neodymium_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-neodymium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">10<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>783(20) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-neodymium_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-neodymium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">1</span>040<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>4 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-neodymium_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-neodymium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">22<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>09(4) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-neodymium_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-neodymium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">2</span>130 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-neodymium_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-neodymium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">40<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>60(4) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-neodymium_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-neodymium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">3</span>920 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-neodymium_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-neodymium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">60<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>0(3) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-neodymium_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-neodymium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">5</span>790 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-neodymium_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-neodymium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>




<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Physikalisch<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a>
</td>
<td>fest
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Kristallstruktur" title="Kristallstruktur">Kristallstruktur</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">hexagonal
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Dichte" title="Dichte">Dichte</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">7,003 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (25 <a href="Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Magnetismus" title="Magnetismus">Magnetismus</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Paramagnetismus" title="Paramagnetismus">paramagnetisch</a> (<a href="Magnetische_Suszeptibilit%C3%A4t" title="Magnetische Suszeptibilität"><i>χ<sub>m</sub></i></a> = 3,6 · 10<sup>−3</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">1297 <a href="Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (1024 °C)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Siedepunkt" title="Siedepunkt">Siedepunkt</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">3303 K<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (3030 °C)
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Molares_Volumen" title="Molares Volumen">Molares Volumen</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">20,59 · 10<sup>−6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Verdampfungsenthalpie" title="Verdampfungsenthalpie">Verdampfungsenthalpie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">289 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzenthalpie" title="Schmelzenthalpie">Schmelzenthalpie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">7,1 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Schallgeschwindigkeit" title="Schallgeschwindigkeit">Schallgeschwindigkeit</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">2330 m·s<sup>−1</sup> bei 293,15 K
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Spezifische_W%C3%A4rmekapazit%C3%A4t" title="Spezifische Wärmekapazität">Spezifische Wärmekapazität</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">190 J·kg<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Elektrische_Leitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Elektrische Leitfähigkeit">Elektrische Leitfähigkeit</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">1,56 · 10<sup>6</sup> <a href="Siemens_(Einheit)" title="Siemens (Einheit)">S</a>·m<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="W%C3%A4rmeleitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Wärmeleitfähigkeit">Wärmeleitfähigkeit</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">17 <a href="Watt_(Einheit)" title="Watt (Einheit)">W</a>·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Chemisch<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl">Oxidationszustände</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">+2, <b>+3</b>, +4
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elektrodenpotential#Normalpotential" title="Elektrodenpotential">Normalpotential</a>
</td>
<td>−2,32 <a href="Volt" title="Volt">V</a> (Nd<sup>3+</sup> + 3&nbsp;e<sup>−</sup> → Nd)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elektronegativit%C3%A4t" title="Elektronegativität">Elektronegativität</a>
</td>
<td>1,14 (<a href="Elektronegativit%C3%A4t#Pauling-Skala" title="Elektronegativität">Pauling-Skala</a>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Isotope
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="wikitable center darkmode-hintergrundfarbe-passiv" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#202122; border:hidden; margin:0;">

<tbody><tr>
<td><a href="Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Isotopenverh%C3%A4ltnis" title="Isotopenverhältnis">NH</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Halbwertszeit" title="Halbwertszeit">t<sub>1/2</sub></a>
</td>
<td><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Zerfallsarten" title="Radioaktivität">ZA</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Zerfallsenergie" title="Zerfallsenergie">ZE</a> (M<a href="Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a>)
</td>
<td><a href="Zerfallsprodukt_(Radioaktivit%C3%A4t)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerfallsprodukt (Radioaktivität)">ZP</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>142</sup>Nd<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><b>27,13</b>&nbsp;%
</td>
<td colspan="4"><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Stabilität" title="Radioaktivität">Stabil</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>143</sup>Nd<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">12,18&nbsp;%
</td>
<td colspan="4"><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Stabilität" title="Radioaktivität">Stabil</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>144</sup>Nd<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">23,8&nbsp;%
</td>
<td>2,29 · 10<sup>15</sup> <a href="Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">α</a>
</td>
<td>1,905
</td>
<td><a href="Cer" title="Cer"><sup>140</sup>Ce</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>145</sup>Nd<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">8,3&nbsp;%
</td>
<td colspan="4"><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Stabilität" title="Radioaktivität">Stabil</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>146</sup>Nd<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">17,19&nbsp;%
</td>
<td colspan="4"><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Stabilität" title="Radioaktivität">Stabil</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>147</sup>Nd<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>10,98 <a href="Tag" title="Tag">d</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β<sup>−</sup></a>
</td>
<td>0,896
</td>
<td><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium"><sup>147</sup>Pm</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>148</sup>Nd<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">5,76&nbsp;%
</td>
<td colspan="4"><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Stabilität" title="Radioaktivität">Stabil</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>149</sup>Nd<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>1,728 <a href="Stunde" title="Stunde">h</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β<sup>−</sup></a>
</td>
<td>1,691
</td>
<td><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium"><sup>149</sup>Pm</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>150</sup>Nd<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">5,64&nbsp;%
</td>
<td>1,1 · 10<sup>19</sup> <a href="Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Betastrahlung" title="Betastrahlung">β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup></a>
</td>
<td>3,367
</td>
<td><a href="Samarium" title="Samarium"><sup>150</sup>Sm</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="darkmode-hintergrundfarbe-passiv" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#202122;">Weitere Isotope siehe <a href="Liste_der_Isotope/Ordnungszahl_51_bis_Ordnungszahl_60#60_Neodym" title="Liste der Isotope/Ordnungszahl 51 bis Ordnungszahl 60">Liste der Isotope</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; text-align:center; color:#202122;"><a href="Kernspinresonanz" title="Kernspinresonanz">NMR</a>-Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="wikitable" style="margin:0; width:100%;">

<tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe1">
<th>
</th>
<th><a href="Kernspin" title="Kernspin">Kernspin</a>
</th>
<th><a href="Gyromagnetisches_Verh%C3%A4ltnis" title="Gyromagnetisches Verhältnis"><i>γ</i></a> in<br><a href="Radiant_(Einheit)" title="Radiant (Einheit)">rad</a>·<a href="Tesla_(Einheit)" title="Tesla (Einheit)">T</a><sup>−1</sup>·<a href="Sekunde" title="Sekunde">s</a><sup>−1</sup>
</th>
<th><a href="Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie#Empfindlichkeit_der_NMR-Spektroskopie" title="Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie"><i>E</i><sub>r</sub>&nbsp;(<sup>1</sup>H)</a>
</th>
<th><a href="Larmorfrequenz" class="mw-redirect" title="Larmorfrequenz"><i>f</i><sub>L</sub></a> bei<br><i>B</i> = 4,7 <a href="Tesla_(Einheit)" title="Tesla (Einheit)">T</a><br>in <a href="Hertz_(Einheit)" title="Hertz (Einheit)">MHz</a>
</th></tr>
<tr class="hintergrundfarbe1">
<td style="text-align:center;"><b><sup>143</sup>Nd</b>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">7/2
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">−1,457 · 10<sup>7</sup>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">5,45
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><b><sup>145</sup>Nd</b>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">7/2
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">−0,898 · 10<sup>7</sup>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">3,36
</td></tr>



</tbody></table><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Sicherheitshinweise
</th></tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;">


<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<p>Pulver
</p>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe-neutral" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; display:flex; justify-content:center;">

<tbody><tr>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="02 – Leicht-/Hochentzündlich"></a></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Gefahr</b>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="33%" style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; border-right:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;"><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze" title="H- und P-Sätze">H- und P-Sätze</a>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">H: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: H-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Entzündbarer Feststoff.">228</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Selbsterhitzungsfähig; kann in Brand geraten.">251</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Verursacht Hautreizungen.">315</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Verursacht schwere Augenreizung.">319</span></span></a>
</td></tr>



<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">P: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: P-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Von Hitze, heißen Oberflächen, Funken, offenen Flammen und anderen Zündquellen fernhalten. Nicht rauchen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „12. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 17. Oktober 2020)">210</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#Aufgehobene_Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; text-decoration:line-through; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Kühl halten. Vor Sonnenbestrahlung schützen.
(Mit Inkraftreten der „8. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Februar 2018 wurde diese Kennzeichnung aufgehoben, sie findet sich jedoch noch in der zitierten Quelle)">235+410</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz/Gesichtsschutz/Gehörschutz/… tragen.
(Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „12. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 17. Oktober 2020)">280</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Berührung mit der Haut: Mit viel Wasser / … waschen.
(Die vom Gesetzgeber offen gelassene Einfügung ist vom Inverkehrbringer zu ergänzen; Geänderter Text seit Inkraftreten der „4. Anpassung an den Technischen Fortschritt“ am 1. Dezember 2014)">302+352</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei Hautreizung: Ärztlichen Rat einholen / ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.">332+313</span></span></a>​‐​<a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="Bei anhaltender Augenreizung: Ärztlichen Rat einholen / ärztliche Hilfe hinzuziehen.">337+313</span></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-GESTIS_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GESTIS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>






<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background:Plum; line-height:1.2em; text-align:center; color:#202122; font-size:smaller;">Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a>.
</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>Neodym</b> (Nomenklaturempfehlung war zeitweise <i>Neodymium</i>) ist ein <a href="Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">chemisches Element</a> mit dem <a href="Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Elementsymbol</a> Nd und der <a href="Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> 60. Im <a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> steht es in der Gruppe der <a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a> und zählt damit auch zu den <a href="Metalle_der_Seltenen_Erden" title="Metalle der Seltenen Erden">Metallen der Seltenen Erden</a>. Die Elementbezeichnung leitet sich von den griechischen Worten νέος <i>neos</i> ‚neu‘ und δίδυμος <i>didymos</i> ‚Zwilling‘ (als Zwilling von <a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan">Lanthan</a>) ab. Das Metall wird in Form der Legierung <a href="Neodym-Eisen-Bor" title="Neodym-Eisen-Bor">Neodym-Eisen-Bor</a> für starke <a href="Permanentmagnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanentmagnet">Permanentmagnete</a> verwendet.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2></div>

<p>1838 entdeckte <a href="Carl_Gustav_Mosander" title="Carl Gustav Mosander">Carl Gustav Mosander</a> in <a href="Cerit" title="Cerit">Cerit</a> ein neues Element, das er <a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan">Lanthan</a> nannte. Mosander untersuchte das Lanthan weiter und konnte 1840 <a href="Amethyst" title="Amethyst">amethystfarbenes</a> Lanthansulfat in zwei Fraktionen teilen. Zum einen erhielt er farblose Kristalle, für die er den Namen Lanthan beibehielt, und zum anderen rote Kristalle eines weiteren Elementes. Für dieses wählte er den Namen <i><a href="Didym" title="Didym">Didym</a></i> nach dem griechischen δίδυμος, ‚Zwilling‘.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Während er Lanthanoxid in sehr guter Reinheit gewinnen konnte, gelang ihm dies beim Didym nicht. Mosander vermutete, dass Didym ein Doppelsalz mit einem anderen Element, wahrscheinlich Lanthan, bildete, konnte die Bestandteile aber nicht trennen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><a href="Marc_Delafontaine" title="Marc Delafontaine">Marc Delafontaine</a> verglich 1878 Didym, das aus <a href="Samarskit" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarskit">Samarskit</a> gewonnen wurde mit dem aus Cerit extrahierten. Dabei erkannte er, dass die Absorptionsspektren unterschiedlich waren, dass Didym also eine Mischung mehrerer Elemente sein musste.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1879 konnte <a href="Paul_%C3%89mile_Lecoq_de_Boisbaudran" title="Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran">Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran</a> das <a href="Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> aus Didym isolieren.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sowohl <a href="Per_Teodor_Cleve" title="Per Teodor Cleve">Per Teodor Cleve</a> als auch <a href="Bohuslav_Brauner" title="Bohuslav Brauner">Bohuslav Brauner</a> versuchten, das <a href="Atomgewicht" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomgewicht">Atomgewicht</a> des Didyms zu bestimmen. Dabei stellten sie fest, dass bei <a href="Fraktionierte_Kristallisation_(Chemie)" title="Fraktionierte Kristallisation (Chemie)">fraktionierter Kristallisation</a> verschiedene Fraktionen unterschiedliche Gewichte von 142 bis 146 aufwiesen, also verschiedene Elemente enthalten sein mussten.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Schließlich gelang es 1885 <a href="Carl_Auer_von_Welsbach" title="Carl Auer von Welsbach">Carl Auer von Welsbach</a>, Didym durch fraktionierte Kristallisation der Ammonium-Didym-Nitrate (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Di(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>&nbsp;·&nbsp;4H<sub>2</sub>O in zwei verschiedene Salze zu trennen. Eines der Elemente zeigte sowohl in Lösung als auch in verschiedenen Salzen eine grüne Farbe, während das andere eine rosafarbene Lösung und amethystfarbene Kristalle bildete. Ein weiterer, von Auer von Welsbach gefundener Unterschied war es, dass das „grüne Element“ ein zweites, schwarzbraunes, leicht zum grünen <a href="Praseodym(III)-oxid" title="Praseodym(III)-oxid">Sesquioxid</a> reduzierbares <a href="Praseodym(III%2CIV)-oxid" title="Praseodym(III,IV)-oxid">Oxid</a> bildete, was das zweite Element nicht machte. Er nannte das erste Element auf Grund der typischen Farbe nach dem <a href="Griechische_Sprache" title="Griechische Sprache">griechischen</a> πράσινος <i>prásinos</i>, ‚grün‘ <i>Praseodym</i> (der „grüne Zwilling“), das zweite nach dem griechischen νεοσ <i>neos</i> ‚neu‘ <i>Neodym</i> (der „neue Zwilling“).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Darstellung metallischen Neodyms gelang 1903 <a href="Wilhelm_Muthmann_(Chemiker)" title="Wilhelm Muthmann (Chemiker)">Wilhelm Muthmann</a> durch <a href="Elektrolyse" title="Elektrolyse">Elektrolyse</a> geschmolzenem <a href="Neodym(III)-chlorid" title="Neodym(III)-chlorid">Neodym(III)-chlorids</a>. Für das Metall konnte er ein <a href="Spezifisches_Gewicht" class="mw-redirect" title="Spezifisches Gewicht">spezifisches Gewicht</a> von 6,9563 und eine <a href="Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a> von 840&nbsp;°C bestimmen.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Erstmals verwendet wurde Neodym 1927, als die <a href="Auergesellschaft" title="Auergesellschaft">Auergesellschaft</a> zum 70. Geburtstag von Carl Auer von Welsbach zwei Glas<a href="Vase" title="Vase">vasen</a> herstellte, die mit Praseodym und Neodym grün beziehungsweise violett gefärbt waren.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ab 1929 stellte <a href="Moser_(Unternehmen)" title="Moser (Unternehmen)">Moser</a> unter dem Markennamen <i>Alexandrit</i> auch kommerziell Vasen her, die mit Neodym gefärbt waren. Dieser Name wurde gewählt, weil neodymhaltiges Glas ähnlich wie <a href="Alexandrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrit">Alexandrit</a> einen <a href="Alexandrit-Effekt" title="Alexandrit-Effekt">Farbwechsel</a> zeigt.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vorkommen">Vorkommen</h2></div>
<p>Neodym kommt in der Natur nicht elementar vor, sondern nur in chemischen Verbindungen. Meist ist es in Mineralien vergesellschaftet mit anderen <a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoiden</a>, als Beispiele:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="Monazit" title="Monazit">Monazit</a> (Ce,La,Th,Nd,Y)PO<sub>4</sub></li>
<li><a href="Bastn%C3%A4sit" title="Bastnäsit">Bastnäsit</a> ((Ce,La,Th,Nd,Y)(CO<sub>3</sub>)F)</li></ul>
<p>Der wichtigste Lieferant mit 91&nbsp;% der Weltproduktion ist <a href="Volksrepublik_China" title="Volksrepublik China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eu_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das führt dort zu erheblichen Umweltproblemen. „Bei der Trennung des Neodyms vom geförderten Gestein entstehen giftige Abfallprodukte, außerdem wird radioaktives <a href="Uran" title="Uran">Uran</a> und <a href="Thorium" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> beim Abbauprozess freigesetzt. Diese Stoffe gelangen zumindest teilweise in das Grundwasser, kontaminieren so Fauna und Flora erheblich und werden für den Menschen als gesundheitsschädlich eingestuft“.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weitere wirtschaftlich verwertbare Vorkommen finden sich in <a href="Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a>, hier vor allem im <a href="Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, das von <a href="Arafura_Resources" title="Arafura Resources">Arafura Resources</a> ausgebeutet wird.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gewinnung_und_Herstellung">Gewinnung und Herstellung</h2></div>
<p>Wie bei allen <a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoiden</a> werden zuerst die Erze durch <a href="Flotation" title="Flotation">Flotation</a> angereichert, danach die <a href="Metalle" title="Metalle">Metalle</a> in ihre <a href="Halogenide" title="Halogenide">Halogenide</a> umgewandelt und durch <a href="Fraktionierte_Kristallisation_(Chemie)" title="Fraktionierte Kristallisation (Chemie)">fraktionierte Kristallisation</a>, <a href="Ionenaustausch" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionenaustausch">Ionenaustausch</a> oder <a href="Extraktion_(Verfahrenstechnik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraktion (Verfahrenstechnik)">Extraktion</a> getrennt. Im Fall von Neodym erfordert die Herstellung jedoch besonders komplexe Extraktions- und Reinigungstechniken. Es wird typischerweise aus Mineralien wie Basalt und Fluorkarbonaten gewonnen. Zunächst werden die Mineralien chemisch behandelt und anschließend durch Lösungsmittel-Extraktion getrennt, wobei Neodym von anderen Seltenerdelementen separiert wird. Danach erfolgt eine weitere Verfeinerung mittels Fällung und <a href="Ionenaustauscher" title="Ionenaustauscher">Ionenaustausch</a>. Schließlich wird durch ein Reduktionsverfahren metallisches Neodym gewonnen.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Nach einer aufwendigen Abtrennung der Neodymbegleiter kann das Oxid mit <a href="Fluorwasserstoff" title="Fluorwasserstoff">Fluorwasserstoff</a> zu <a href="Neodym(III)-fluorid" title="Neodym(III)-fluorid">Neodym(III)-fluorid</a> umgesetzt und anschließend mit <a href="Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> unter Bildung von <a href="Calciumfluorid" title="Calciumfluorid">Calciumfluorid</a> zu Neodym <a href="Reduktion_(Chemie)" title="Reduktion (Chemie)">reduziert werden</a>. Calciumreste und Verunreinigungen trennt man durch Umschmelzen im Vakuum ab.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ NdF_{3}\ +\ 3\ Ca\ \longrightarrow \ 2\ Nd\ +\ 3\ CaF_{2}} }">
<semantics>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ NdF_{3}\ +\ 3\ Ca\ \longrightarrow \ 2\ Nd\ +\ 3\ CaF_{2}} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d0d6279ab6ba2fe68b3f32b9324d3768192fee7d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:38.129ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ NdF_{3}\ +\ 3\ Ca\ \longrightarrow \ 2\ Nd\ +\ 3\ CaF_{2}} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dieses Verfahren wurde in China um 1984 durch <a href="Schmelzflusselektrolyse" title="Schmelzflusselektrolyse">Schmelzflusselektrolyse</a> eines Gemisches aus Neodymfluorid, Neodymoxid und Lithiumfluorid abgelöst. Formal entspricht dieses Verfahren dem Hall-Héroult-Prozess, das elementare Neodym wird jedoch an einer senkrecht stehenden Wolfram-Kathode abgeschieden, welche von einer ringförmigen Graphit-Anode umgeben ist. Das schmelzflüssige Neodym wird in einer Molybdänwanne aufgefangen, aus der es manuell in eine Barrengussform gegossen wird. Jede solche Elektrolyse-Zelle wird als Einkammer-Elektrolysezelle betrieben. Über den tatsächlichen Betrieb der Zellen in den chinesischen Betrieben sind keine überprüfbaren Angaben bekannt.
</p><p>Die chinesische Regierung hat angekündigt, schärfere Umweltauflagen einzuführen und stärker gegen illegale Minen vorzugehen. Anfang Juni 2011 scheint es zu einer ersten Umsetzung dieser Absicht gekommen zu sein. Laut Berichten der Financial Times erhält der staatseigene Produzent (Baotou Steel Rare Earth) das Monopol für den Abbau und die Aufbereitung der Seltenen Erden. 35 lizenzierte Betriebe werden geschlossen und entschädigt, neun weitere nicht lizenzierte Betriebe sollen geschlossen und nicht entschädigt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In den USA wird derzeit (Stand: 2014) das Bergwerk <i><a href="Mountain_Pass_Mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Pass Mine">Mountain Pass</a></i> in Kalifornien und in Australien das Bergwerk <i><a href="Mount_Weld" title="Mount Weld">Mount Weld</a></i> reaktiviert. Beiden Minen werden vom Öko-Institut <i>e.&nbsp;V.</i> akzeptable Umweltschutzsysteme bescheinigt. Allerdings gibt es auch Vorhaben zum kombinierten Abbau Seltener Erden in Grönland, bei denen die giftigen Rückstände in Seen <a href="Verklappung" title="Verklappung">verklappt</a> werden sollen.<sup id="cite_ref-Schoßig_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schoßig-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Jahresproduktion wurde 2012 auf 21.000&nbsp;t geschätzt, davon kommen 91&nbsp;% aus China.<sup id="cite_ref-eu_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laut <a href="United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a> lag der Preis für 1&nbsp;kg Neodym 2001 unter 10&nbsp;<a href="US-Dollar" title="US-Dollar">USD</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der Preis stieg bis 2010 auf 80&nbsp;USD und erreichte 2011 den Höchststand mit 244&nbsp;USD je kg. Danach ging er wieder zurück und lag 2013 bei 65&nbsp;USD je kg.<sup id="cite_ref-fas_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fas-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Im März 2022 stieg der Preis auf 380 bis 390 US-Dollar/kg. Seit August liegt der Preis bei etwas über 200 US-Dollar/kg.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Rein theoretisch kann Neodym recycelt werden, allerdings findet diese Anwendung auf dem kommerziellen Markt bisher wenig bis keine Anwendung, auch wenn Länder ohne Monopolstellung sich unabhängiger machen können. Ein solches <a href="Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a>, aus Elektroschrott etwa, fällt unter das <a href="Urban_Mining" title="Urban Mining">Urban Mining</a>.
</p><p>Im Labor ist eine Reindarstellung des Metalls als Pulver möglich.
</p>
<ul style="text-align:left" class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 164.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Möglicher Weg, um Neodym aus Neodym-Eisen-Bor-Magnete darzustellen/zu isolieren …</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 129.33333333333px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 127.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">… und das hier entstandene Produkt – Neodym-Metall-Pulver</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 314.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 312.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Preisentwicklung Neodym-Oxid (Quelle: Sachwerte Einkaufsgemeinschaft, Stand 10. März 2014)</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physikalische_Eigenschaften">Physikalische Eigenschaften</h3></div>

<p>Das silbrigweiß glänzende Metall gehört zu den <a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoiden</a> und <a href="Seltene_Erden" class="mw-redirect" title="Seltene Erden">Metallen der Seltenen Erden</a>. Es ist an der Luft etwas korrosionsbeständiger als <a href="Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a>, <a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan">Lanthan</a>, <a href="Cer" title="Cer">Cer</a> oder <a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Praseodym</a>, bildet aber leicht eine rosaviolette Oxidschicht aus, welche an der Luft abblättern kann.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemische_Eigenschaften">Chemische Eigenschaften</h3></div>
<p>Bei hohen Temperaturen verbrennt Neodym zum <a href="Sesquioxid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesquioxid">Sesquioxid</a> Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Mit Wasser reagiert es unter Bildung von Wasserstoff zum Neodymhydroxid Nd(OH)<sub>3</sub>. Mit Wasserstoff setzt es sich zum Hydrid NdH<sub>2</sub> um. Neben der Hauptwertigkeit/Oxidationszahl +3 kommen unter besonderen Bedingungen auch die Oxidationszahlen +2 und +4 vor.
</p>
<div style="clear:left;"></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotope">Isotope</h2></div>
<p>Es gibt fünf stabile Neodymisotope: Nd‑142, ‑143, ‑145, ‑146 und ‑148. Das Isotop <sup>144</sup>Nd ist der leichteste <a href="Alphastrahlung" title="Alphastrahlung">Alphastrahler</a> (abgesehen von einigen Kernen mit extremem Protonenüberschuss) und zerfällt mit der extrem langen <a href="Halbwertszeit" title="Halbwertszeit">Halbwertszeit</a> von <span style="white-space:nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r252749370">
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</style>2<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>29<span class="numericFormat-multiply" style="background-color:var(--color-base, #202122)">e</span><span class="numericFormat-10"><sup>15</sup></span> Jahren</span> zu <sup>140</sup>Ce, einem <a href="Nuklid" title="Nuklid">Nuklid</a> mit der „<a href="Magische_Zahl_(Physik)" title="Magische Zahl (Physik)">magischen</a>“ Neutronenzahl&nbsp;82. Noch größer ist mit <span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>1<span class="numericFormat-multiply" style="background-color:var(--color-base, #202122)">e</span><span class="numericFormat-10"><sup>19</sup></span> Jahren</span> die Halbwertszeit von <sup>150</sup>Nd, das durch <a href="Doppelter_Betazerfall" title="Doppelter Betazerfall">doppelten Betazerfall</a> zu <sup>150</sup>Sm wird.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Neodym-Eisen-Bor" title="Neodym-Eisen-Bor">Neodym-Eisen-Borverbindungen</a> zur Herstellung stärkster <a href="Magnet" title="Magnet">Magnete</a>. Sie werden genutzt für <a href="Magnetresonanztomographie" title="Magnetresonanztomographie">Kernspintomographen</a>, Mikromotoren und <a href="Festplattenlaufwerk" title="Festplattenlaufwerk">Festplatten</a> (Positionierung der Schreib-/Leseköpfe), <a href="Dauermagnet" title="Dauermagnet">Dauermagnet</a>-Rotoren (z.&nbsp;B. Schritt- und Servomotoren), effiziente <a href="Erregersysteme_f%C3%BCr_Synchronmaschinen#Permanentmagneterregung" title="Erregersysteme für Synchronmaschinen">permanenterregte Synchronmaschinen</a> z.&nbsp;B. in einigen <a href="Windkraftanlage" title="Windkraftanlage">Windkraftanlagentypen</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (rund einem Sechstel<sup id="cite_ref-Schoßig_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schoßig-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), zum Antrieb von <a href="Elektroauto" title="Elektroauto">Elektro-</a> und <a href="Hybridelektrokraftfahrzeug" title="Hybridelektrokraftfahrzeug">Hybridfahrzeugen</a> sowie als <a href="Modellbau" title="Modellbau">Modellbau-Antriebe</a>, <a href="Linearmotor" title="Linearmotor">Linearmotoren</a> für Positionierachsen (z.&nbsp;B. CNC-Maschinen), hochwertige Lautsprecher und Kopfhörer. Gegenüber den <a href="Samarium-Cobalt" title="Samarium-Cobalt">Samarium-Cobalt</a>-Magneten sind sie stärker und wesentlich preiswerter, aber auch wesentlich empfindlicher gegen Hitze. Für heutige Windenergieanlagen mit permanenterregten Generatoren wird ein mittlerer spezifischer Bedarf von Neodym in Höhe von 201,5 kg/MW bei Anlagen mit Direktantrieb (getriebelos), 49,6 kg/MW bei Anlagen mit Getrieben mittlerer Geschwindigkeit und 24,8 kg/MW bei Anlagen mit Getrieben hoher Geschwindigkeit ermittelt.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Neodymsalze zum Färben von <a href="Emaille" class="mw-redirect" title="Emaille">Emaille</a></li>
<li>Blaue <a href="Porzellan" title="Porzellan">Porzellanfarbe</a></li>
<li><a href="Neodym(III)-oxid" title="Neodym(III)-oxid">Neodym(III)-oxid</a> zur Glasfärbung. Es erzeugt sehr warme violette bis weinrote und graue Töne. Solche Gläser besitzen scharfe <a href="Absorptionsbande" title="Absorptionsbande">Absorptionsbanden</a> und werden in der <a href="Astronomie" title="Astronomie">Astronomie</a> zum <a href="Kalibrierung" title="Kalibrierung">Kalibrieren</a> benutzt.</li>
<li>Entfärben von eisenhaltigem Glas</li>
<li><a href="Ultraviolettstrahlung" title="Ultraviolettstrahlung">UV</a>-absorbierende Gläser (Sonnenschutzglas)</li>
<li>Bestandteil des industriell weitverbreiteten <a href="Neodym-YAG-Laser" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodym-YAG-Laser">Neodym-YAG-Lasers</a></li>
<li>Neodymoxiddotiertes Bariumtitanat für Kondensator-Dielektrika</li>
<li>Wegen seiner <a href="Pyrophor" title="Pyrophor">pyrophoren</a> Eigenschaften als <a href="Legierung" title="Legierung">Legierungspartner</a> mit <a href="Cer" title="Cer">Cer</a> in <a href="Feuerzeug" title="Feuerzeug">Feuersteinen</a></li>
<li>Zur Herstellung von Neodym-katalysiertem <a href="Synthesekautschuk" title="Synthesekautschuk">Polybutadienkautschuk (Nd-PBR)</a></li>
<li>Neodym hat bei Temperaturen von flüssigem Helium eine ungewöhnlich hohe spezifische Wärmekapazität, weshalb es in kryogenen Kühlern nützlich ist.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Seit Jahren werden auf dem Markt Decken, Matten und andere Produkte mit Neodym verkauft, die aufgrund ihrer starken magnetischen Wirkung angeblich heilende Eigenschaften bei vielen Beschwerden haben. Allerdings hat diese Form der <a href="Magnetfeldtherapie" title="Magnetfeldtherapie">Magnettherapie</a> keine wissenschaftliche Grundlage. In manchen Fällen kann ihre Anwendung sogar schädlich sein.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbindungen">Verbindungen</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxide">Oxide</h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Neodym(III)-oxid" title="Neodym(III)-oxid">Neodym(III)-oxid</a> (Nd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halogenide">Halogenide</h3></div>
<ul><li>Neodym(II)-fluorid (NdF<sub>2</sub>)</li>
<li><a href="Neodym(II)-chlorid" title="Neodym(II)-chlorid">Neodym(II)-chlorid</a> (NdCl<sub>2</sub>)</li>
<li><a href="Neodym(II)-bromid" title="Neodym(II)-bromid">Neodym(II)-bromid</a> (NdBr<sub>2</sub>), nur wasserfrei</li>
<li><a href="Neodym(II)-iodid" title="Neodym(II)-iodid">Neodym(II)-iodid</a>, (NdI<sub>2</sub>)</li></ul>
<ul><li>Neodym(II,III)-bromid (Nd<sub>4</sub>Br<sub>9</sub>), nur wasserfrei</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Neodym(III)-fluorid" title="Neodym(III)-fluorid">Neodym(III)-fluorid</a> (NdF<sub>3</sub>)</li>
<li><a href="Neodym(III)-chlorid" title="Neodym(III)-chlorid">Neodym(III)-chlorid</a> (NdCl<sub>3</sub>), wasserfrei</li>
<li><a href="Neodym(III)-bromid" title="Neodym(III)-bromid">Neodym(III)-bromid</a> (NdBr<sub>3</sub>), wasserfrei, zwei Modifikationen</li>
<li><a href="Neodym(III)-iodid" title="Neodym(III)-iodid">Neodym(III)-iodid</a> (NdI<sub>3</sub>), wasserfrei</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andere_Verbindungen">Andere Verbindungen</h3></div>
<ul><li>Neodym(III)-acetat (Nd(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>)</li>
<li>Neodymcarbid (NdC<sub>2</sub>)</li>
<li><a href="Neodym(III)-nitrat" title="Neodym(III)-nitrat">Neodym(III)-nitrat</a> (Nd(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;·&nbsp;6 H<sub>2</sub>O)</li>
<li><a href="Neodym(III)-sulfat" title="Neodym(III)-sulfat">Neodym(III)-sulfat</a> (Nd<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;·&nbsp;8 H<sub>2</sub>O)</li>
<li><a href="Neodym(III)-sulfid" title="Neodym(III)-sulfid">Neodym(III)-sulfid</a> (Nd<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>)</li></ul>
<ul style="text-align:left" class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Neodym(III)-sulfat-Oktahydrat</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138.66666666667px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 136.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Neodym(III)-chlorid</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 206px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Neodym(III)-sulfat, -nitrat und <span style="white-space:nowrap">-chlorid</span> in Lösung</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sonstige_Stoffe">Sonstige Stoffe</h3></div>
<p><a href="Neodym-Eisen-Bor" title="Neodym-Eisen-Bor">Neodym-Eisen-Bor</a> (Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B) ist der Werkstoff, aus dem derzeit die stärksten Dauermagnete hergestellt werden können. Sie erreichen eine <a href="Remanenz" title="Remanenz">Remanenzflussdichte</a> von bis zu 1,4 <a href="Tesla_(Einheit)" title="Tesla (Einheit)">Tesla</a>. Die <a href="Koerzitivfeldst%C3%A4rke" title="Koerzitivfeldstärke">Koerzitivfeldstärke</a> H<sub>cJ</sub> schwankt im Bereich von 870 bis 2750&nbsp;kA/m.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neodymium?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Neodym</a></span></b>&nbsp;– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Neodym" class="extiw external" title="wikt:Neodym">Wiktionary: Neodym</a></b>&nbsp;– Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div>
<ul><li>Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roempp.thieme.de/lexicon/RD-14-00735"><i>Neodym</i></a>. In: <i><a href="R%C3%B6mpp_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Römpp Online">Römpp Online</a>.</i> Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 3.&nbsp;Januar 2015.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pse-mendelejew.de/bilder/nd.jpg">metallisch blankes Neodym</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Harry_H._Binder" title="Harry H. Binder">Harry H. Binder</a>: <i>Lexikon der chemischen Elemente.</i> S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-7776-0736-3.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die Werte für die Eigenschaften (Infobox) sind, wenn nicht anders angegeben, aus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/neodymium/">www.webelements.com (Neodym)</a> entnommen.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CIAAW-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm">CIAAW, Standard Atomic Weights Revised 2013</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NIST-ASD-neodymium-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-neodymium_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-neodymium_4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-neodymium_4-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-neodymium_4-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-neodymium_4-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/ASD/ie.pl?spectra=neodymium&amp;units=1&amp;e_out=0&amp;unc_out=1&amp;at_num_out=1&amp;el_name_out=1&amp;ion_charge_out=1&amp;biblio=1"><i>neodymium</i></a> in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. und NIST ASD Team (2019): <cite style="font-style:italic">NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1)</cite>. Hrsg.: <a href="National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a>, Gaithersburg, MD. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18434/T4W30F">10.18434/T4W30F</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/asd">physics.nist.gov/asd</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Neodym&amp;rft.au=Kramida%2C+A.%2C+Ralchenko%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=NIST+Atomic+Spectra+Database+%28ver.+5.7.1%29&amp;rft.doi=10.18434%2FT4W30F&amp;rft.genre=book" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span> Abgerufen am 11.&nbsp;Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Webelements-neodymium-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-neodymium_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-neodymium_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-neodymium_5-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-neodymium_5-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-neodymium_5-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/neodymium/atoms.html"><i>neodymium</i></a> bei <i>WebElements, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com">www.webelements.com</a></i>, abgerufen am 11.&nbsp;Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="N._N._Greenwood" class="mw-redirect" title="N. N. Greenwood">N. N. Greenwood</a>, <a href="A._Earnshaw" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Earnshaw">A. Earnshaw</a>: <i>Chemie der Elemente.</i> 1. Auflage. VCH, Weinheim 1988, ISBN 3-527-26169-9, S.&nbsp;1579.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert C. Weast (Hrsg.): <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>. CRC (Chemical Rubber Publishing Company), Boca Raton 1990, ISBN 0-8493-0470-9, S. E-129 bis E-145. Werte dort sind auf g/mol bezogen und in cgs-Einheiten angegeben. Der hier angegebene Wert ist der daraus berechnete maßeinheitslose SI-Wert.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_8-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Yiming Zhang, Julian R. G. Evans, Shoufeng Yang: <i>Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks.</i> In: <i><a href="Journal_of_Chemical_%26_Engineering_Data" title="Journal of Chemical &amp; Engineering Data">Journal of Chemical &amp; Engineering Data</a>.</i> 56, 2011, S.&nbsp;328–337; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/je1011086" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1021/je1011086">doi:10.1021/je1011086</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GESTIS-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GESTIS_9-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gestis.dguv.de/data?name=007600">Neodym, Pulver</a></span> in der <a href="GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank" title="GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank">GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank</a> des <a href="Institut_f%C3%BCr_Arbeitsschutz_der_Deutschen_Gesetzlichen_Unfallversicherung" title="Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung">IFA</a>, abgerufen am 10.&nbsp;Januar 2025.<small class="noscript"><span></span> (JavaScript erforderlich)</small></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl Gustav Mosander: <i>Ueber die das Cerium begleitenden neuen Metalle Lanthanium und Didymium, sowie über die mit der Yttererde vorkommenden neuen Metalle Erbium und Terbium.</i> In: <i>Annalen der Physik und Chemie.</i> Band 60, 1843, S.&nbsp;297–315 (<a href="https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Ueber_die_das_Cerium_begleitenden_neuen_Metalle_Lanthanium_und_Didymium,_sowie_%C3%BCber_die_mit_der_Yttererde_vorkommenden_neuen_Metalle_Erbium_und_Terbium" class="extiw external" title="s:Ueber die das Cerium begleitenden neuen Metalle Lanthanium und Didymium, sowie über die mit der Yttererde vorkommenden neuen Metalle Erbium und Terbium">online auf Wikisource</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Levy Tansjö: <i>Carl Gustav Mosander and his research of rare earths.</i> In: C.H. Evans (Hrsg.): <i>Episodes from the History of the Rare Earth Elements.</i> Band 15, Kluwer Academic Publishers 1996, ISBN 978-94-009-0287-9, S. 42–49.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Delafontaine: <i>La didyme de la cérite est probablement un mélange de plusiers corps.</i> In: <i>Comptes Rendus.</i> Band 78, 1878, S.&nbsp;634–635 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3044x.image.f695.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran: <i>Recherches sur le samarium, radical d’une terre nouvelle extraite de la samarskite.</i> In: <i>Comptes Rendus.</i> Band 89, 1879, S.&nbsp;212–214 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3046j.image.f214.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Szabadvary, C. Evans: <i>The 50 Years following Mosander.</i> In: C.H. Evans (Hrsg.): <i>Episodes from the History of the Rare Earth Elements.</i> Band 15, Kluwer Academic Publishers 1996, ISBN 978-94-009-0287-9, S.&nbsp;59–60.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roland Adunka, Mary Virginia Orna: <i>Carl Auer von Welsbach: Chemist, Inventor, Entrepreneur.</i> Springer, 2018, ISBN 978-3-319-77904-1, S.&nbsp;37–39.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl Auer v. Welsbach: <i>Die Zerlegung des Didyms in seine Elemente.</i> In: <i><a href="Monatshefte_f%C3%BCr_Chemie" title="Monatshefte für Chemie">Monatshefte für Chemie</a>.</i> 6&nbsp;(1), 1885, S.&nbsp;477–491; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01554643" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1007/BF01554643">doi:10.1007/BF01554643</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerd Meyer: <i>Die (ungleichen) Didymium-Zwillinge: Praseodym und Neodym.</i> In: <i>Chemie in unserer Zeit.</i> 2001, Band 35, Nummer 2, S.&nbsp;116–123, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3781%28200104%2935%3A2%3C116%3A%3AAID-CIUZ116%3E3.0.CO%3B2-5">10.1002/1521-3781(200104)35:2&lt;116::AID-CIUZ116&gt;3.0.CO;2-5</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Muthmann, L. Weiss: <i>I. Untersuchungen über die Metalle der Cergruppe.</i> In: <i>Justus Liebig s Annalen der Chemie.</i> 1904, Band 331, Nummer 1, S.&nbsp;1–46 <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19043310102">10.1002/jlac.19043310102</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roland Adunka, Mary Virginia Orna: <i>Carl Auer von Welsbach: Chemist, Inventor, Entrepreneur.</i> Springer, 2018, ISBN 978-3-319-77904-1, S.&nbsp;37–39.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jan Mergl, Lenka Merglová Pánková: <i>Moser 1857-2017.</i> 1. Auflage, Moser, ISBN 978-80-270-1135-3, S.&nbsp;123 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moser.com/file/edee/downloads/moser_book_eng.pdf">online</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Alexandrit Glass.</i> In: Charles Bray: <i>Dictionary of Glass: Materials and Techniques.</i> University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001, ISBN 978-081-2-23619-4, S.&nbsp;22.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Justin Rowlatt: <cite style="font-style:italic">Neither rare, nor earths</cite>. 23.&nbsp;März 2014 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26687605">bbc.com</a> [abgerufen am 8.&nbsp;Juni 2019]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Neodym&amp;rft.au=Justin+Rowlatt&amp;rft.btitle=Neither+rare%2C+nor+earths&amp;rft.date=2014-03-23&amp;rft.genre=book" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-eu-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eu_23-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eu_23-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305122306/https://setis.ec.europa.eu/mis/material/neodymium"><i>Neodymium.</i></a> setis.ec.europa.eu, archiviert vom <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsetis.ec.europa.eu%2Fmis%2Fmaterial%2Fneodymium">Original</a></span> (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">5.&nbsp;März 2016</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 26.&nbsp;August 2015</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ANeodym&amp;rft.title=Neodymium&amp;rft.description=Neodymium&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160305122306%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fsetis.ec.europa.eu%2Fmis%2Fmaterial%2Fneodymium&amp;rft.publisher=setis.ec.europa.eu&amp;rft.source=https://setis.ec.europa.eu/mis/material/neodymium&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daserste.ndr.de/panorama/archiv/2011/windkraft189.html"><i>Das schmutzige Geheimnis sauberer Windräder.</i></a> In: <i>Panorama.</i> 28. April 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.samaterials.de/blog/neodymium-element-properties-and-uses.html"><i>Neodym: Element-Eigenschaften und Verwendungen.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 13.&nbsp;Juni 2025</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ANeodym&amp;rft.title=Neodym%3A+Element-Eigenschaften+und+Verwendungen&amp;rft.description=Neodym%3A+Element-Eigenschaften+und+Verwendungen&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.samaterials.de%2Fblog%2Fneodymium-element-properties-and-uses.html&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Michelle Röttger: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611010918/http://www.ftd.de/finanzen/maerkte/rohstoffe/:rohstoff-boom-china-saeubert-markt-fuer-seltene-erden/60063151.html"><i>China säubert den Markt für Seltene Erden.</i></a> (Studie) In: <i>Financial Times.</i> 9.&nbsp;Juni 2011, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">S. 2</span>, archiviert vom <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ftd.de%2Ffinanzen%2Fmaerkte%2Frohstoffe%2F%3Arohstoff-boom-china-saeubert-markt-fuer-seltene-erden%2F60063151.html">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">11.&nbsp;Juni 2011</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 26.&nbsp;Juni 2011</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ANeodym&amp;rft.title=China+s%C3%A4ubert+den+Markt+f%C3%BCr+Seltene+Erden&amp;rft.description=China+s%C3%A4ubert+den+Markt+f%C3%BCr+Seltene+Erden&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110611010918%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ftd.de%2Ffinanzen%2Fmaerkte%2Frohstoffe%2F%3Arohstoff-boom-china-saeubert-markt-fuer-seltene-erden%2F60063151.html&amp;rft.creator=Michelle+R%C3%B6ttger&amp;rft.date=2011-06-09&amp;rft.source=http://www.ftd.de/finanzen/maerkte/rohstoffe/:rohstoff-boom-china-saeubert-markt-fuer-seltene-erden/60063151.html">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Schoßig-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Schoßig_27-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Schoßig_27-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Mandy Schoßig: <i>Seltene Erden – Daten &amp; Fakten.</i> Öko-Institut e.&nbsp;V., Berlin, Januar 2011.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-usgs-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-usgs_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5188/sir2012-5188.pdf"><i>Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5188 - Metal Prices in the United States Through 2010.</i></a> (PDF 2,4 MB, S. 143 (137) Figure 6.) <a href="United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a>,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 26.&nbsp;August 2015</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ANeodym&amp;rft.title=Scientific+Investigations+Report+2012%E2%80%935188+-+Metal+Prices+in+the+United+States+Through+2010&amp;rft.description=Scientific+Investigations+Report+2012%E2%80%935188+-+Metal+Prices+in+the+United+States+Through+2010&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fsir%2F2012%2F5188%2Fsir2012-5188.pdf&amp;rft.publisher=%5B%5BUnited+States+Geological+Survey%7CUSGS%5D%5D&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-fas-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fas_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R41347.pdf"><i>Congressional Research Service - Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain.</i></a> (PDF 603 kB, S. 11 (7) Figure 3) www.fas.org, 16.&nbsp;Dezember 2013,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 26.&nbsp;August 2015</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ANeodym&amp;rft.title=Congressional+Research+Service+-+Rare+Earth+Elements%3A+The+Global+Supply+Chain&amp;rft.description=Congressional+Research+Service+-+Rare+Earth+Elements%3A+The+Global+Supply+Chain&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fnatsec%2FR41347.pdf&amp;rft.publisher=www.fas.org&amp;rft.date=2013-12-16&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neodym-preis.de/de/price/usd/6/weekly//">Tagesaktueller Neodym-Preis</a>, auf neodym-preis.de, abgerufen am 26. September 2023</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ca. 2 t Neodymium werden für jede Windturbine benötigt: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/concern-as-china-clamps-down-on-rare-earth-exports-1855387.html">"Around two tonnes of neodymium are needed for each wind turbine"</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.umwelt.niedersachsen.de/startseite/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/neodym-in-windraedern-148929.html"><i>Antwort auf die mündliche Anfrage: Neodym in Windrädern | Nds. Ministerium für Umwelt, Energie und Klimaschutz.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 14.&nbsp;September 2023</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ANeodym&amp;rft.title=Antwort+auf+die+m%C3%BCndliche+Anfrage%3A+Neodym+in+Windr%C3%A4dern+%7C+Nds.+Ministerium+f%C3%BCr+Umwelt%2C+Energie+und+Klimaschutz&amp;rft.description=Antwort+auf+die+m%C3%BCndliche+Anfrage%3A+Neodym+in+Windr%C3%A4dern+%7C+Nds.+Ministerium+f%C3%BCr+Umwelt%2C+Energie+und+Klimaschutz&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.umwelt.niedersachsen.de%2Fstartseite%2Faktuelles%2Fpressemitteilungen%2Fneodym-in-windraedern-148929.html">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. G. Osborne, I. E. Anderson, K. A. Gschneidner, M. J. Gailloux, T. W. Ellis: <cite style="font-style:italic">Centrifugal Atomization of Neodymium and Er3Ni Regenerator Particulate</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials: Volume 40, Part A</cite>. Springer US, Boston, MA 1994, ISBN 978-1-4757-9053-5, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>631–638</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9053-5_80">10.1007/978-1-4757-9053-5_80</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Neodym&amp;rft.atitle=Centrifugal+Atomization+of+Neodymium+and+Er3Ni+Regenerator+Particulate&amp;rft.au=M.+G.+Osborne%2C+I.+E.+Anderson%2C+K.+A.+Gschneidner%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=Advances+in+Cryogenic+Engineering+Materials%3A+Volume+40%2C+Part+A&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2F978-1-4757-9053-5_80&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9781475790535&amp;rft.pages=631-638&amp;rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&amp;rft.pub=Springer+US" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stanfordmaterials.com/blog/neodymium-properties-and-applications.html"><i>Neodymium: Properties and Applications.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 13.&nbsp;Juni 2025</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ANeodym&amp;rft.title=Neodymium%3A+Properties+and+Applications&amp;rft.description=Neodymium%3A+Properties+and+Applications&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanfordmaterials.com%2Fblog%2Fneodymium-properties-and-applications.html&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">J. A. MARRAHÍ: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lasprovincias.es/v/20120601/comunitat/engano-magnetoterapia-20120601.html"><i>El engaño de la magnetoterapia.</i></a> 1.&nbsp;Juni 2012,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 13.&nbsp;Juni 2025</span> (spanisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ANeodym&amp;rft.title=El+enga%C3%B1o+de+la+magnetoterapia&amp;rft.description=El+enga%C3%B1o+de+la+magnetoterapia&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lasprovincias.es%2Fv%2F20120601%2Fcomunitat%2Fengano-magnetoterapia-20120601.html&amp;rft.creator=J.+A.+MARRAH%C3%8D&amp;rft.date=2012-06-01&amp;rft.language=es">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
</ol>
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<div class="klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center" role="navigation">
<div class="klappleiste-kopf"><a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> der <a href="Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">Elemente</a></div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size:smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">H</a>
</td>
<td style="width:93.75%" colspan="30">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Helium" title="Helium">He</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Bor" title="Bor">B</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff">C</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff">N</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">O</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Silicium" title="Silicium">Si</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Phosphor" title="Phosphor">P</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Schwefel" title="Schwefel">S</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Chlor" title="Chlor">Cl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)">Ti</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Eisen" title="Eisen">Fe</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Cu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Selen" title="Selen">Se</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Brom" title="Brom">Br</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän">Mo</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Silber" title="Silber">Ag</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Indium" title="Indium">In</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Zinn" title="Zinn">Sn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Iod" title="Iod">I</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan">La</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Cer" title="Cer">Ce</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Platin" title="Platin">Pt</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Gold" title="Gold">Au</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber">Hg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Blei" title="Blei">Pb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Astat" title="Astat">At</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Uran" title="Uran">U</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Americium" title="Americium">Am</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Tenness" title="Tenness">Ts</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table border="1" cellpadding="1" rules="all" style="border:1px solid #fff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="background:#ff4500" width="9.1%"><a href="Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle">Alkalimetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#ff8c00" width="9.1%"><a href="Erdalkalimetalle" title="Erdalkalimetalle">Erdalkalimetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#dda0dd" width="9.1%"><a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#da70d6" width="9.1%"><a href="Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Actinoide</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#f08080" width="9.1%"><a href="%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle" title="Übergangsmetalle">Übergangsmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#a9a9a9" width="9.1%"><a href="Metalle" title="Metalle">Metalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#cd853f" width="9.1%"><a href="Halbmetalle" title="Halbmetalle">Halbmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#32cd32" width="9.1%"><a href="Nichtmetalle" title="Nichtmetalle">Nichtmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#f0e68c" width="9.1%"><a href="Halogene" title="Halogene">Halogene</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#87cefa" width="9.1%"><a href="Edelgase" title="Edelgase">Edelgase</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#dcdcdc" width="9%">Chemie unbekannt
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div>
<div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-s" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten">
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Normdaten&nbsp;(Sachbegriff): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4171432-5">4171432-5</a></span> | <a href="Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85090754">sh85090754</a></span> </div>
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